The findings of this work by IIT Mandi researchers were recently published in the renowned Journal of Soil and Sediments, in a paper co-authored by Dr Kala Venkata Uday, Associate Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIT Mandi and Dr Arnav Bhavsar Vinayak Associate Professor, School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, IIT Mandi, and their research scholars Ms. Charu Chauhan, Mr. Manvendra Singh.

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Capacity

Soil erosion has far-reaching consequences, including lost soil fertility, reduced water-holding capacity, lower crop yields, increased runoff, and environmental damage due to sedimentation in water bodies, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Additionally, soil erosion destabilizes the ground, making it more susceptible to landslides on steep slopes, say IIT Mandi researchers.

Plant roots

It has long been known that plant roots can effectively reduce soil erosion by enhancing soil properties, preventing detachment by raindrops, and reducing runoff.

The practice of bioengineering employs living plants and fibres to stabilize soil and mitigate erosion. Beyond saving the soil, bioengineering also promotes biodiversity by introducing native plant species.

The IIT Mandi reasearchers have devised methods to evaluate the effectiveness of bioengineering solutions in controlling erosion.

The team employs image analysis to quantify soil erosion and show the effectiveness of bioengineering methods in preventing it. Their study also provides insights into soil detachment, transport, and deposition mechanisms.

Image analysis

Dr Arnav Bhavsar Vinayak, said, “Image analysis works well for small areas like road embankments, slopes, and short natural stretches.

But for bigger areas, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remote-sensing imaging are better Our approach which uses contour detection and filling, is better than existing techniques that are often complex and costly, he said.

The study showed that natural vegetation roots and added fibres can work together to significantly improve soil cohesion. The type of soil, moisture content, and reinforcement collectively influence erosion rates, offering insights into soil conservation strategies, say IIT Mandi researchers.

This multidisciplinary approach, combining bioengineering and image analysis, provides a promising path for addressing the challenge of soil erosion, say IIT Mandi researchers.

The study shows that the choice of the right material (fibre or plants) and its amount will depend on the type of erosion (caused by splashes or runoff) and the form of erosion (sheet or rill), say IIT Mandi researchers.

Such research aims to make erosion control methods more effective and promote the use of natural materials.

Practical implications

In terms of the practical implications and future work, Dr K V Uday said, “We’ve developed a simple method to gauge the effectiveness of nature-based erosion mitigation solutions.

Our method can differentiate between splash-induced erosion and runoff-induced erosion, a capability lacking in current methodologies. Also, numerical studies help enhance specific strategies for soil erosion control in larger fields, said Dr Uday.

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Strengthening the Academia-Industry Bridge

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The event not only deepened the critical linkage between academia and industry but also empowered students with the knowledge, confidence, and adaptability needed to thrive in the future of work.